Ouch! I'm pain: How important Analgesics is in our daily life

       Nowadays, medicine can be say is important in our daily life. When in the conditions of not feeling well, sick, cough, allergic, toothaches or some others conditions, we will try to find some medicine to eat so that we can relieve our uncomfortable. Some common medicine that we usually use in our daily life is “Analgesic”. 

      “Analgesic” also known as “painkiller” which uses to relieve headache, pain, backache, fever and so on. The main function of analgesic is relieving pain, so if any one feel pain on their body their can take this medicine. Some examples of analgesic are Paracetamol and aspirin. 

      Medicines can be dividing into different mass, as we know that the maximum amount that adult and children taken are different. Side effect of over take medicine will cause damage to human liver. When we taking the medicine make sure we read the information or got the permission of doctor or pharmacist and let them know our body condition because some of the people may have allergy to paracetamol, liver disease or pregnancy. Be sure understanding our body condition before we eat the medicine. When eating the medicine make sure not in case of fasting, must eating some food before taken the medicine.

Paracetamol 
    

Chemical structure of Paracetamol C₈H₉NO₂.

 Paracetamol, was first discovered by Charles Frederic Gerhardt: a French chemist in 1852. It’s also known as Acetaminophen. It is one of the common used analgesics in our life. Paracetamol is also called p-acetamidophenol or p-Acetylaminophenol.Paracetamol is made from phenol (an -OH group which directly attached to carbon of aromatic ring (benzene) . Para-nitrotoluene and ortho mixture are formed of the nitration of phenol. P-nitro group is reduced and o-isomer is removed though distillation before acetylating to give paracetamol.  

Each tablet of Paracetamol contains 650mg of Paracetamol(acetaminophen), 60mg of Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 4mg of Chlorpheniramine maleate.In paracetamol there was also contain Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and Chlorpheniramine maleate, these are used to relieve symptoms of fever, allergy, cough and others. There function are the same, which is relieve pain, fever and others  condition.

 

How to take Paracetamol

Paracetamol works as a pankiller will affecting chemicals in body which called prostaglandins (substances released in response injury and illness). Paracetamol relieve injury or pain by blocks the production of prostaglandins. By acting on the area of brain, paracetamol can reduces the temperature for controlling the temperature. Paracetamol does not effect on inflammation. As in the figure beside we can know how to take paracetamol with not overdose it.

Undesirable effects and overdose of Paracetamol

There are some side effect of paracetamol on human body. Some step we must take to prevent it is  be sure not take the others medicine which contain paracetamol on the same time. If we over taken paracetamol, we may cause serious damage on our liver and kidneys. So, make sure we do not exceed the dose stated in information and follow the way how to supplied for adults and children. 

Aspirin

  

Aspirin was first discovered by Edward Stone in 1763.Its also known as a acetylsalicylic acid one of the member of salicylate chemical family. It used to reducing substances in the body that cause fever, pain, and inflammation.Sometime it also used to treat or prevent heart attacks, strokes, and chest pain.When it is dissolved in stomach, it will go true the blood and flow around our body. It may sticks on a protein enzymesCOX-2  which will produces prostaglandins which cause our body feel pains. When aspirin enter our blood, it can present our blood from clotting and help to prevent heart attacks.

Chemical structure of Aspirin C9H8O4

    Other than that, aspirin can also reduce the risk of strokes by preventing blood clots from forming on the surface of ruptured atherosclerotic plaques and heart attacks. Over many years in response to injury caused by high blood pressure,high blood cholesterol levels, abnormal blood sugar levels,  and toxins contained in tobacco smoke, atherosclerotic plaques are build up along the lining of blood vessels.

    Sure everyone know how to take medicine when they need it, but did they know how Aspirin made of?  There are a few steps to make it; including weighing and mix the raw materials, dry it, compress, testing, packing or bottling and also control the quality of it. Basically, a hard aspirin tablets can be produce by adding water and corn starch to the active ingredient which is acetylsalicylic acid to serve as binding agent with a lubricant.

Formation of Aspirin

         Aspirin is made by the salicylic acid ( alcohol ) and acetic anhydride (acid) by using phosphoric acid as catalyst which speed up the reaction by using esterification reaction.

                                  

 Side effects of taking Aspirin

     If we are taking aspirin day by day it may lead our stomach upsets. If we cut our self accidentally, we will bleed longer because of aspirin that increase the time of clotting. Reyes syndrome can occur on children, so it is not suitable for them. It can be dangerous because aspirin may changes the way kidneys process urine. One British scientist Dr. John Vane found that aspirin is good for cataracts, prevent cancers, gum disease and also high blood pressure in pregnancy.

     So, make sure that you ask for the permission of doctor or pharmacist before you take the medicine. Be sure that you state clearly about your body conditions like allergy to medicine, pregnancy or others doctors or pharmacist. In conclusion, medicine is important in our daily life, it help us to relieve pain on our body, but be sure that do not overtake and follow the instructions given by pharmacist or doctor. Have a healthy body is the responsibility to all of us.